The location of egypt and how it influences on its civilization. (part3
كاتب الموضوع
رسالة
snow white
عدد الرسائل : 141 رقم العضوية : 17 تاريخ التسجيل : 13/12/2008
موضوع: The location of egypt and how it influences on its civilization. (part3 الإثنين فبراير 16, 2009 1:08 am
The flood
- thesource of the nile came frome lake victoria and with the summer rains caused
- the nile flood it lasted frome the end of may to the beginning of september .
- each flood made afresh layer of silt over the land and this builtup the rich fertile soil of the river flood plain .
- the egyptian made canals and dykes to preserve water ,tried to increase the cultivated area by fostering second or third crops within ayear in small plot.
- The only tool for irrigation in pharaonic times was the shaduf.
- This can be used to water asmall garden plot next to acanal.
- The first advance in irrigationtecnology came in ptolemic times with the water wheel"saqya" in arabic.
- There is no evidence that central government took measures to improve agriculture and it seems that field networks have fallen exclusively to local manpower.
- The flood changed the appearance and borders of each field, only boundary markers could secure property.
The crops
-the main crops were barley and emmer,wheat didnot become prevalent until the late period when egypt was Romane state.
-the farming year followed the nile cycle with three seasons of four months.
- the rise of flood waters marked the new year it is connected with the rise of the dog star "sirius" in advance of the sun at dawn.
- during the flood the season called" akhet" perhaps meaning "time of inundation" from july to October .
after the flood came the "peret" "time of emergence" from november to february the plouphing season .
- final season was "shemu"meaning"harvest" from march to june.
- From the grain they extracted bread and beer"bouza".
- they cultivated garden produce beans,onion,cucumbers,fruits like dom-palm fruit, figs
they gathered hony and dates ,produce oil like olive oil.
They planted papyrus and flax which provided the material from which linen was manufactured
The location of egypt and how it influences on its civilization. (part3
الإثنين فبراير 16, 2009 1:08 am
